Class 10 Carbon and Its Compounds: Important Questions | BACE IIT JEE
Class 10 Carbon and Its Compounds: Important Questions
BACE IIT JEE brings you a detailed guide on one of the most essential topics in Class 10 Science – Carbon and Its Compounds. Whether you’re preparing for board exams or foundation courses for JEE and NEET, this article provides concept-based questions, reasoning-based practice, and exam-oriented explanations.
🌿 Introduction: The Marvel of Carbon
Carbon is the backbone of all known life on Earth. From diamond to graphite, and from ethanol to glucose, carbon forms millions of compounds due to its unique property called catenation. This chapter lays the foundation for understanding Organic Chemistry — a key area in higher education and competitive exams.
Why Focus on Carbon and Its Compounds?
- It connects daily life with chemistry — fuels, medicines, plastics, etc.
- Forms the conceptual base for IIT-JEE Chemistry.
- Frequent questions appear in Class 10 Board Exams.
📘 Important Topics You Must Master
- Covalent Bonding in Carbon Compounds
- Catenation and Tetravalency
- Hydrocarbons – Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
- Functional Groups – Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids
- Homologous Series and its Significance
- Nomenclature using IUPAC rules
- Chemical Reactions of Carbon Compounds – Combustion, Oxidation, Addition, Substitution
- Soap and Detergents – Cleansing Action
💡 Concept-Based Important Questions and Answers
Q1. Why is carbon capable of forming a large number of compounds?
Answer: Carbon has tetravalency and the property of catenation. These allow it to form long chains, branched structures, and rings, creating a vast range of compounds.
Q2. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Answer: Saturated hydrocarbons have single bonds (e.g., methane, ethane), while unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds (e.g., ethene, ethyne).
Q3. Write the electron dot structure of methane.
Answer: Methane (CH4) has four single covalent bonds. Each hydrogen shares one electron with carbon, completing its octet.
Q4. What are functional groups? Give two examples.
Answer: Functional groups are specific atoms or groups of atoms responsible for characteristic reactions of compounds. Examples: –OH (alcohol), –COOH (carboxylic acid).
Q5. Why does ethanol give a clean flame while kerosene produces smoke?
Answer: Ethanol is a clean-burning fuel as it contains oxygen, ensuring complete combustion. Kerosene has longer carbon chains, causing incomplete combustion and smoke.
🧪 Reaction-Based Questions
Q6. Write the chemical equation for the combustion of methane.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Heat
Q7. What happens when ethanol is oxidized?
Ethanol is oxidized to ethanoic acid in the presence of acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7).
Q8. What is the addition reaction? Give an example.
Answer: In addition reactions, unsaturated hydrocarbons react with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst like nickel to form saturated compounds.
Q9. How do soaps differ from detergents?
Answer: Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, biodegradable in nature. Detergents, however, are made from petroleum products and can be non-biodegradable.
🧭 Short and Long Answer Type Questions for Practice
Short Answer Questions
- What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.
- Why does carbon form covalent bonds?
- State two uses of ethanol and ethanoic acid.
- Explain the term homologous series.
- Draw the structure of ethene and ethyne.
Long Answer Questions
- Explain the properties of carbon that make it form a large number of compounds.
- Describe the chemical properties of ethanol and ethanoic acid.
- Discuss the cleansing action of soap with the help of a diagram.
- Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with examples and tests.
- What are the important rules for writing the IUPAC names of organic compounds?
🌈 Key Notes & Exam Preparation Tips
- Understand Covalent Bonding: Focus on how electrons are shared among atoms.
- Master IUPAC Naming Rules: Remember the base chain, substituents, and functional groups.
- Learn Functional Groups: Practice examples and reactions involving –OH, –COOH, –CHO, –CO–, –Cl, etc.
- Revise homologous series and general formulas before exams.
- Focus on reactions — combustion, oxidation, substitution, and addition.
- Prepare neat and labeled structural diagrams for writing answers.
📊 Board Exam Oriented Questions (Expected in 2025)
- Explain the cleansing action of soap with the help of a micelle diagram.
- Write the structural formula of ethanol and ethanoic acid.
- Why are carbon and hydrogen often found together in compounds?
- Differentiate between a homologous series and a functional group.
- Explain oxidation and addition reactions with examples.
- State the uses of ethanoic acid in daily life.
- How does detergent work better in hard water than soap?
📚 Why Learn from BACE IIT JEE?
BACE IIT JEE is a trusted name in Bokaro’s academic ecosystem, known for simplifying complex concepts for students of Classes 8–12 through conceptual learning and strong foundation building for JEE, NEET, and Olympiads.
Our Edge
- Expert faculty from IITs and NITs.
- Comprehensive NCERT-based coverage.
- Regular tests and performance analytics.
- Interactive doubt-solving sessions.
- Conceptual clarity through visualization.
Our Mission
We aim to nurture curiosity and academic confidence among students by connecting classroom learning with real-life applications. Our programs focus on conceptual understanding rather than rote memorization.
✨ Conclusion
The chapter “Carbon and Its Compounds” plays a crucial role in building a student’s base for organic chemistry and competitive exams. Through dedicated practice, conceptual understanding, and guided mentorship, students can excel not only in board exams but also in JEE, NEET, and NTSE.
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