Chapter 3 | Metals and Non-metals Class 10 | NCERT In-text Solutions Explained Simply
Chapter 3 | Metals and Non-Metals Class 10 | NCERT In-text Solutions Explained Simply
Published by: BACE IIT JEE, Bokaro Steel City
At BACE IIT JEE, we believe in learning through understanding — not rote memorization. In this detailed guide, we bring to you NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 3 – Metals and Non-Metals in a simplified and visually appealing format. This post helps students prepare effectively for both CBSE Board Exams and competitive exams like JEE (Main & Advanced).
🔹 Page 40 – Understanding Basic Properties of Metals
Q1. Give an example of a metal which:
- (i) Is a liquid at room temperature – Mercury (Hg)
- (ii) Can be easily cut with a knife – Sodium (Na)
- (iii) Is the best conductor of heat – Silver (Ag)
- (iv) Is a poor conductor of heat – Lead (Pb)
Q2. Explain the meaning of malleable and ductile.
Malleable: Metals that can be beaten into thin sheets are called malleable (e.g. gold, silver).
Ductile: Metals that can be drawn into wires are called ductile (e.g. copper, aluminium).
BACE Insight 💡: The property of malleability and ductility makes metals useful in industries for making sheets, wires, and foils.
🔹 Page 46 – Reactions of Metals with Water and Acids
Q1. Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil?
Because sodium reacts vigorously with air and water, producing hydrogen gas and heat, which can cause fire. Kerosene prevents contact with moisture and oxygen.
Q2. Write equations for the reactions:
- (i) Iron with steam:
3Fe + 4H₂O → Fe₃O₄ + 4H₂ - (ii) Calcium with water:
Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂ - (iii) Potassium with water:
2K + 2H₂O → 2KOH + H₂ + heat
Q3. Activity Table – Reactivity Comparison
| Metal | Iron(II) Sulphate | Copper(II) Sulphate | Zinc Sulphate | Silver Nitrate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | No Reaction | Displacement | ||
| B | Displacement | No Reaction | ||
| C | No Reaction | No Reaction | No Reaction | Displacement |
| D | No Reaction | No Reaction | No Reaction | No Reaction |
- (i) Most reactive metal – B
- (ii) If B is added to CuSO₄ solution – Copper will be displaced and reddish-brown copper will deposit.
- (iii) Order of reactivity: B > A > C > D
Q4. Which gas is produced when dilute HCl is added to a reactive metal?
Hydrogen gas (H₂) is produced.
Example: Fe + H₂SO₄ → FeSO₄ + H₂ ↑
Q5. What happens when zinc is added to iron(II) sulphate solution?
Zinc displaces iron because it is more reactive.
Reaction: Zn + FeSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Fe
🔹 Page 49 – Ionic Bond Formation Simplified
Q1. (i) Electron-Dot Structures
- Sodium (Na): [Na] → 1 electron in outer shell
- Oxygen (O): 6 valence electrons
- Magnesium (Mg): 2 valence electrons
(ii) Formation of Na₂O: 2Na → 2Na⁺ + 2e⁻; O + 2e⁻ → O²⁻
Formation of MgO: Mg → Mg²⁺ + 2e⁻; O + 2e⁻ → O²⁻
(iii) Ions present: Na⁺, O²⁻ in Na₂O and Mg²⁺, O²⁻ in MgO
Q2. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
Because of strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions, large energy is needed to break their bonds.
🔹 Page 53 – Understanding Minerals, Ores, and Metallurgy
Q1. Define the following:
- Mineral: A naturally occurring substance containing metal compounds.
- Ore: A mineral from which a metal can be profitably extracted.
- Gangue: The earthy impurities like sand or clay present in the ore.
Q2. Name two metals found in the free state.
Gold (Au) and Platinum (Pt).
Q3. The process used to obtain metal from its oxide is called reduction.
Example: ZnO + C → Zn + CO
🔹 Page 55 – Displacement Reactions and Alloys
Q1. Displacement Reaction Table
Metals higher in the reactivity series can displace less reactive metals from their oxides.
| Metal Oxide | Zinc | Magnesium | Copper |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zinc Oxide | — | No reaction | No reaction |
| Magnesium Oxide | No reaction | — | No reaction |
| Copper Oxide | Displacement | Displacement | — |
- Displacement occurs when Zn or Mg reacts with CuO.
Q2. Which metals do not corrode easily?
Gold, Platinum, and Aluminium resist corrosion because they form protective oxide layers or are noble metals. Aluminium is not a noble metal.
Q3. What are alloys?
Alloys are homogeneous mixtures of two or more metals, or a metal and a non-metal, to improve properties like strength, resistance, and appearance.
Examples: Brass (Cu + Zn), Bronze (Cu + Sn), Stainless Steel (Fe + Cr + Ni).
💡 Why Study with BACE IIT JEE?
BACE IIT JEE is one of the leading coaching institutes in Bokaro Steel City, offering advanced preparation for JEE (Main + Advanced), NEET, and CBSE Board Exams.
🌟 What Makes Us Different?
- Experienced faculty from IITs and NITs.
- Concept-based learning modules, not rote memorization.
- Regular tests, performance analytics, and mentorship.
- Comprehensive NCERT coverage aligned with competitive exams.
- Small batch sizes for personalized attention.
✨ Student Tip from BACE Experts
When studying Metals and Non-Metals, always remember the reactivity series. It helps in predicting the outcome of displacement and corrosion reactions — a key concept in both CBSE Boards and JEE Chemistry.
📘 Learn Beyond NCERT
At BACE IIT JEE, we go beyond the textbook — helping you understand why reactions occur and how these principles extend into electrochemistry, metallurgy, and thermodynamics in higher classes.
🎯 Key Takeaways
- Metals are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Reactivity depends on the tendency to lose electrons.
- Ionic bonds form between metals and non-metals through electron transfer.
- Metallurgy involves extraction, purification, and alloying of metals.
- Alloys enhance strength and corrosion resistance.
🔥 Quick Revision Chart
- Most Reactive Metal: Potassium
- Least Reactive Metal: Gold
- Gas Evolved with Acid: Hydrogen
- Common Alloy: Stainless Steel
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