Chapter 2 | Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 | NCERT In-text Solutions Explained Simply
🌈 Class 10 Science – Chapter 2: Acids, Bases and Salts | Easy NCERT Q&A
Welcome, young scientists! 🧪 Let’s make Chemistry fun and simple. Below are the NCERT Class 10 Science in-text questions and answers from Chapter 2 – Acids, Bases, and Salts explained in an easy way. Perfect for your quick revision before exams!
📘 Page 18
Q. You have been provided with three test tubes. One contains distilled water and the other two contain an acidic and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify each?
✅ Answer: Dip the red litmus paper into all three test tubes.
- In the acidic solution, the paper will remain red.
- In the basic solution, it will turn blue.
- In the distilled water, there will be no color change. 🌊
📘 Page 22
Q. Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
🧂 Answer: Because acids in these substances react with the metal to form poisonous compounds that can spoil food and harm our health.
Q. Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? How will you test for it?
💨 Answer: The gas formed is Hydrogen (H₂).
You can test it by bringing a burning matchstick near the gas — it burns with a ‘pop’ sound! 🔥
Q. Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write the balanced equation.
✅ Answer: The gas is CO₂.
Reaction:
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂ ↑
📘 Page 25
Q. Why do HCl and HNO₃ show acidic characters in aqueous solution while alcohol and glucose do not?
Because acids release H⁺ ions in water, but alcohol and glucose do not. 🧃
Q. Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?
Because it contains ions that move freely and carry electric current. ⚡
Q. Why does dry HCl gas not change the color of dry litmus paper?
Because HCl gas needs water to form H⁺ ions. Without water, it stays inactive.
Q. Why should acid be added to water and not water to acid while diluting?
Always add acid to water slowly. Adding water to acid can cause splashing and burns! 🧯
Q. How is H₃O⁺ affected when acid solution is diluted?
The concentration of H₃O⁺ ions decreases as water is added.
Q. How is OH⁻ affected when more base is added to sodium hydroxide solution?
The OH⁻ ion concentration increases making it more basic. 💧
📘 Page 28
Q. You have two solutions, A (pH 6) and B (pH 8). Which one is acidic?
💡 Solution A is acidic (pH less than 7) and has more hydrogen ions than B. Solution B is basic.
Q. What effect does H⁺ ion concentration have on the nature of the solution?
More H⁺ ions → More acidic nature. 🍋
Q. Do basic solutions also have H⁺ ions?
Yes, but very few. The higher concentration of OH⁻ ions makes it basic.
Q. When does a farmer treat soil with lime?
If the soil is too acidic, the farmer adds quicklime (CaO) or slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂) to reduce acidity and make it suitable for crops. 🌾
📘 Page 33
Q. What is the common name of CaOCl₂?
Bleaching Powder 🧼
Q. Name the substance that gives bleaching powder when treated with chlorine.
Dry slaked lime [Ca(OH)₂]
Q. Name the sodium compound used for softening hard water.
Washing Soda (Na₂CO₃·10H₂O)
Q. What happens when sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated?
2NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O
Q. Write the equation for the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.
CaSO₄·½H₂O + 1½H₂O → CaSO₄·2H₂O(Plaster of Paris → Gypsum)
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